How can build caching reduce overall CI execution time?

Example Concept: Build caching works by storing intermediate build artifacts, such as compiled code or downloaded dependencies, in a cache storage. During subsequent builds, the CI system checks if the required artifacts are already available in the cache. If they are, the system retrieves them instead of rebuilding or redownloading, thus saving time. This is especially useful in large projects with many dependencies or when using container images, as it minimizes the need to repeatedly build unchanged components.